SYMPTOMS
In most
cases not all the symptoms are present, but some of them. The most frequent
are:
* Weighty pain in the sternum area that does not vary with movement
or breathing. It is quite intense pain and can radiate to the jaw, neck and
back, left arm, and in some cases, right arm. On many
occasions, the patient had already had similar pain, although of lesser
intensity, during the previous days.
* Difficulty breathing
* Pain in the upper abdomen
* Nausea or vomiting when myocardial infarction affects the inferior
wall.
* Dizziness or fainting
* The skin may be pale, cold and
sweaty and there may be cyanosis.
* The pulse may be thready and
the blood pressure is variable, although many patients have
high blood pressure when pain begins.
* Unexplained tiredness
* Abnormal heartbeat
Difficulty
breathing, nausea and vomiting, and jaw or back pain are more common in women.
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Over 20% of acute myocardial infarctions are silent (without the patient realizing it) because it has not been painful or because it has been confused with another condition and has passed by itself. This is more common in people with diabetes. Your doctor can tell if you've had a heart attack by looking for scars on your heart on an EKG.
A heart attack is an emergency and the first thing to do is calling the emergency telephone number. The faster a person gets to the hospital, the better their chance of survival (receiving medical attention in the first five minutes can be vital). First aid for a person having a heart attack is:
/ If the person is CONSCIOUS it is better for him to be seated or lie down and stay calm as much as possible.
/ You have to unbutton his clothes so they don't oppress him.
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/ If
the person takes medicine for heart disease, he has to take it.
/ Many experts recommend chewing and swallowing an aspirin. This must be done if you are not allergic to aspirin and if they indicate it to you on the emergency telephone number.
/ If the person is UNCONSCIOUS but NOT IN CARDIORESPIRATORY ARREST, it is best to lay him on his side in the recovery position.
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after calling the emergency telephone number, CPR must be performed. If you don't know how to do CPR, the emergency phone will tell us how to do it.
VERY IMPORTANT:
DO NOT leave the person alone, except to ask for help.
DO
NOT wait to see if symptoms go away
DO
NOT ask for emergency help
DO NOT allow the person to make any effort, such as
walking or climbing stairs.
DO NOT make the person nervous because distress worsens
the patient's condition and increases the patient's oxygen demand heart.
